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WaterVaporPressure

Tetens Equation

The Tetens equation is a simple, historically important Magnus-type form, accurate to about 1% near ambient temperatures.

P = 610.78 · exp[17.27 · T / (T + 237.3)],   T in °C
Valid range:
0 to 50 °C
Phase:
over water

Try it

Tetens
3.1677 kPa
-0.068% vs IAPWS-95

A classic teaching equation

Tetens published this two-constant exponential in 1930, and Murray (1967) popularized it in the meteorological literature. It has the same shape as the Magnus form, with round historical constants, and reproduces the saturation curve to roughly 1% between 0 and 50 °C.

Its simplicity made it a workhorse in early numerical weather models and it remains a common textbook example for relating temperature and humidity.

When to use it

Tetens is a fine choice for quick estimates, teaching, or matching the output of a legacy model that used it. For accuracy-sensitive work the Alduchov–Eskridge Magnus set or Buck 1996 are better choices at essentially the same computational cost.

It is included here for completeness and historical interest, and it appears in the main calculator's side-by-side comparison.

Compare with other formulas

See this and every other formula side by side, with the live deviation from IAPWS-95 at your temperature, on the main calculator. The Antoine equation has its own page.

References

Every formula on this page is implemented from, and validated against, the following primary standards and papers.

Reviewed by Jimmy Raymond, Engineer
B.S. Environmental Engineering · B.S. Computer Science · Last reviewed June 4, 2026

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